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Comparative mapping and marker-assisted selection in Rosaceae fruit crops.
Elisabeth Dirlewanger1, Enrique Graziano, Tarek Joobeur
1Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherches sur les Espèces Fruitières et la Vigne, B.P. 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
Summary
Saturated linkage maps in fruit trees reveal conserved genomes across species like Prunus and apple. These maps aid in identifying genes for important traits, advancing marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.
Area of Science:
- Plant genetics and genomics
- Fruit tree breeding and genetics
Background:
- Development of saturated linkage maps using diverse markers (RFLPs, microsatellites) is crucial for fruit tree genetics.
- A Prunus reference map with 562 markers facilitates genome comparisons across seven diploid Prunus species.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare genomes among Prunus species and with other genera like apple and Arabidopsis.
- To identify and map major genes affecting agronomic traits in fruit trees.
- To develop markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs.
Main Methods:
- Construction of saturated linkage maps using RFLPs and microsatellites.
- Genome-wide comparison of seven diploid Prunus species using a reference map.
- Synteny analysis between Prunus, apple, and Arabidopsis genomes.
- Anchoring major genes onto a general linkage map.
- Development of gene-specific markers for MAS.
Main Results:
- High marker colinearity observed across seven Prunus species.
- Significant synteny detected between Prunus and apple genomes.
- Conserved genomic regions identified between Prunus and Arabidopsis.
- Mapping of 28 major genes affecting agronomic traits.
- Development of MAS-ready markers for disease resistance, fruit quality, and self-incompatibility.
Conclusions:
- Linkage maps provide a powerful framework for understanding fruit tree genome evolution and diversity.
- Conserved synteny facilitates comparative genomics and gene discovery across Rosaceae family.
- Marker-assisted selection using developed markers accelerates breeding for desirable traits in fruit trees.
- Further genomic resources (physical maps, ESTs) are needed for deeper insights into Rosaceae genomics.