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Related Experiment Videos

Cognitive changes and sleep disordered breathing in elderly: differences in race.

Mairav Cohen-Zion1, Carl Stepnowsky, Sherella Johnson

  • 1SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, USA.

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
|June 3, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in older adults is linked to cognitive decline, regardless of race. Increased nighttime respiratory disturbances, not low oxygen, predict worsening cognitive function in the elderly with SDB.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common in older adults and linked to cognitive impairment.
  • Previous research suggests potential racial differences in health outcomes.
  • This study investigates the interplay between SDB, cognitive function, and race in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine if race influences the association between SDB and cognitive performance in older adults.
  • To determine the relationship between SDB severity and cognitive decline over time.
  • To assess the role of hypoxemia in SDB-related cognitive changes.

Main Methods:

  • Community-dwelling African-American and Caucasian adults (65+) at high risk for SDB were studied.
  • Home-based interviews assessed sleep and medical history.

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  • Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE).
  • Objective sleep studies recorded sleep, respiratory events, and oxygen saturation.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher respiratory disturbance index (RDI) correlated with cognitive decline over time, independent of gender and education.
    • Race did not significantly alter the relationship between SDB and cognitive performance.
    • No association was found between cognitive decline and hypoxemia.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive decline in older adults with mild to moderate SDB is associated with the severity of nighttime respiratory disturbances.
    • The impact of SDB on cognitive decline appears independent of racial background and hypoxemia.
    • Treating SDB in the elderly, even without significant hypoxemia, may offer substantial cognitive and medical benefits.