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A nurse-guided ChatGPT-assisted dietary learning program and self-efficacy for avoiding high-phosphorus foods in
Hui-Chih Wang1, Hengky Arviano1, Tsang-Hsien Wang2
1Department of Business Administration, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
Objective:
To examine longitudinal changes in self-efficacy for avoiding high‑phosphorus foods (SE-AHPF) before and after a nurse-guided ChatGPT-assisted dietary learning program among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and the associations of health learning intention (HLI) and ChatGPT-assisted phosphorus-related information-seeking behavior (CPISB) with subsequent SE-AHPF.
Methods:
In this prospective longitudinal study, 85 PD patients were assessed for SE-AHPF at T1 (June 2024), T2 (January 2025), and T3 (September 2025). A 3-month nurse-guided ChatGPT-assisted dietary learning program involving reminders, ChatGPT-assisted dietary information seeking, and nurse feedback was conducted between T2 and T3. HLI and CPISB were assessed before T3. Longitudinal changes in SE-AHPF and the associations among HLI, CPISB, and subsequent T3 SE-AHPF were examined.
Results:
SE-AHPF increased significantly over time, with higher scores at T3 than at T1 and T2 (both ps < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.76). Higher HLI was associated with higher CPISB (β = 0.56, p < .001). Higher CPISB was associated with higher subsequent T3 SE-AHPF after adjustment for demographic characteristics, serum phosphorus levels, T2 SE-AHPF, and HLI (β = 0.51, p < .001).
Conclusions:
SE-AHPF was higher following the program than at both pre-program assessments, and CPISB was associated with subsequent T3 SE-AHPF. Nurse-guided ChatGPT use may provide a practical approach for incorporating AI-assisted dietary information seeking into phosphorus-related patient education.
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