Detection and quantification limits: basic concepts, international harmonization, and outstanding ("low-level")...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Metrology
• Standardization

Background:

• Harmonized recommendations for metrological detection and quantification are crucial for consistent scientific reporting.
• Existing terminology and definitions may require clarification, especially for low-level measurements.
• International standards from IUPAC and ISO provide a framework for these capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and clarify concepts, definitions, and terminology for metrological detection and quantification capabilities.
• To discuss the treatment of low-level blank and variance functions in detail.
• To highlight challenges in detection decisions and reporting of low-level data.

Main Methods:

• Review of harmonized recommendations and norms from IUPAC and ISO.
• Detailed discussion of blank and variance function treatment.
• Analysis of specific problems in low-level data detection and reporting.

Main Results:

• Clarification of fundamental concepts in metrological detection and quantification.
• Detailed examination of blank and variance function methodologies.
• Identification of key issues in making and reporting detection decisions for low-level data.

Conclusions:

• Adherence to IUPAC and ISO standards ensures robust metrological capabilities.
• Careful consideration of blank and variance is essential for accurate low-level quantification.
• Improved reporting of low-level data is achievable through understanding detection decision challenges.