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Related Concept Videos

Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
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Published on: June 14, 2016

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Perry Elliott1, William J McKenna

  • 1University College London, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|June 9, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a genetic heart disease causing unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, has variable outcomes. Management strategies depend on genetic factors and patient-specific conditions for optimal care.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited cardiac condition characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy.
  • HCM presents with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe exercise intolerance and arrhythmias.
  • Disease progression and complications, including sudden cardiac death, heart failure, and stroke, carry an annual risk of 1-2%, influenced by genetic, pathological, and physiological factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management of patients diagnosed with unexplained myocardial hypertrophy.
  • To emphasize the role of genetic and pathophysiological substrates in guiding clinical decision-making for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • Analysis of factors influencing clinical course and outcomes.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions based on patient subsets.

Main Results:

  • The clinical course and prognosis of HCM are highly variable among individuals.
  • Risk stratification for complications like sudden death, heart failure, and stroke is crucial but depends on individual patient factors.
  • Specific therapeutic interventions, such as septal ablation, myectomy, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, are indicated for select patient groups.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic counseling and thorough clinical risk stratification are essential for all patients with HCM.
  • Personalized management strategies, informed by underlying genetic abnormalities and pathophysiological characteristics, are key to optimizing patient outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.