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Melanoma epidemic: true or false?

Angeles Flórez1, Manuel Cruces

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, C/Loureiro Crespo 2, Pontevedra 36001, Spain. angeflor@hotmail.com

International Journal of Dermatology
|June 10, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Melanoma incidence is rising due to more early diagnoses, but mortality rates haven't changed proportionally. This suggests skin melanoma may be less aggressive, with more benign lesions detected.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Oncology
  • Epidemiology of Skin Cancer

Background:

  • Significant increase in melanoma incidence globally over recent decades.
  • Disproportionate rise in early-stage melanoma diagnoses.
  • Lack of a corresponding decrease in melanoma-related mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key data and controversies surrounding the melanoma epidemic.
  • To explore the hypothesis that increased diagnosis of benign lesions impacts melanoma aggressiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on melanoma incidence and mortality.
  • Analysis of trends in early-stage versus advanced melanoma diagnoses.
  • Discussion of potential biological and diagnostic factors influencing observed trends.

Main Results:

  • Melanoma incidence has surged, largely driven by the detection of early-stage tumors.
  • Melanoma mortality rates have not shown a commensurate decline.
  • Evidence suggests a potential shift towards biologically less aggressive lesions being diagnosed.

Conclusions:

  • The current melanoma epidemic may be characterized by an overdiagnosis of indolent or benign lesions.
  • Further research is needed to understand the changing biology and clinical behavior of melanomas.
  • The findings necessitate a re-evaluation of screening strategies and clinical management of skin melanoma.

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