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The evolution of arthropod limbs.

Geoff A Boxshall¹

¹Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. G.Boxshall@nhm.ac.uk

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society

|June 12, 2004

Summary

This study reviews arthropod limb morphology, identifying two basic limb types: antennules and postantennulary limbs. It examines evolutionary trends, segmentation, and homology, particularly concerning exites like gills and insect wings.

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Area of Science:

* Arthropodology
* Evolutionary Morphology
* Comparative Anatomy

Background:

* Arthropod limb diversity presents challenges for understanding evolutionary origins.
* Existing phylogenetic schemes provide a framework for analyzing limb evolution.
* Distinguishing between true segments and annuli is crucial for interpreting fossil data.

Purpose of the Study:

* To review arthropod limb morphology using recent and fossil data.
* To identify evolutionary trends in limb structure and segmentation.
* To propose a hypothesis on the basic limb types in arthropods.

Main Methods:

* Analysis of external morphology and internal anatomy of recent and fossil arthropods.
* Reference to established phylogenetic schemes to guide evolutionary interpretations.
* Examination of limb annulation, segmentation, and exite development.

Main Results:

* Identification of two fundamental arthropod limb types: antennules and postantennulary limbs.
* Recognition of two types of annuli: terminal and intercalary, influencing appendage structure.
* Hypothesized basic segmentation patterns for the tripartite arthropod limb (protopodite, telopodite, exopodite).

Conclusions:

* The basic arthropod limb is tripartite, with hypothesized segmentation patterns for each part.
* The study proposes a hypothesis of two basic limb types in arthropods, with implications for homeotic mutations.
* Homology between crustacean gills and insect wings is critically addressed.

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