Vitamin D deficiency in Tunisia

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Nutritional Science
• Public Health

Background:

• Vitamin D deficiency, or hypovitaminosis D, is a growing global health concern.
• Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are a key indicator of vitamin D status.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a healthy Tunisian population.
• To identify factors associated with low vitamin D levels in Tunisia.
• To compare Tunisian vitamin D status with other regions.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 389 adults (aged 20-60) in Tunisia.
• Data collection included questionnaires on lifestyle, diet, and clinical factors.
• Biochemical analysis of serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 25(OH)D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Main Results:

• A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (47.6%) was observed, increasing with age.
• Women exhibited significantly higher rates of hypovitaminosis D.
• Multiparity, menopause, veil-wearing, and low dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D were associated with deficiency.

Conclusions:

• Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in Tunisia, similar to southern European countries.
• Key contributing factors include insufficient dietary vitamin D, higher parity, and veil-wearing.
• Recommendations include dietary fortification, supplementation, and promoting outdoor activities, especially for older adults.