Induction of spermatogenesis by inguinal varicocele repair in azoospermic men

13 infertile patients who had complete azoospermia and clinical varicocele underwent inguinal varicocele repair. Semen analyses were obtained starting 3 months after varicocele repair. Bilateral varicocele repair in 2 men and unilateral in 11 men were performed. Induction of spermatogenesis was achieved in 3 (23%) patients. Two of them had hypospermatogenesis and one had maturation arrest at spermatid stage. No pregnancies by natural intercourse resulted. Although one couple used fresh ejaculate for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the result was unsuccessful. All men with Sertoli cell-only and early maturation arrest remained azoospermic after surgery. No association between successful outcome and patient age, sex hormone analysis, varicocele grade, testicular volume, unilateral or bilateral varicocele repair were apparent. Varicocele repair can result in the induction of spermatogenesis for men with hypospermatogenesis and late maturation arrest. No other related factor could be detected.