Composite-resin materials and techniques in dentistry

Important features to consider when selecting composite resins are filler size and amount, radiopacity, and fluoride content. Submicron particles provide the best polishability, and heavily filled resins demonstrate better wear resistance. The radiopacity of the composite resin should slightly exceed that of enamel to allow visualization of the restoration and recurrent decay. Fluoride added to the matrix may arrest the progression of caries. Properly cured composite resins should not cause chronic pulpal irritation; however, infection of the cervical contraction gap resulting from poor bonding to root surfaces may cause pulpal irritation. Techniques to improve curing include incremental build-up, reflective matrices and wedges, and controlling the direction of light vectors. A surface sealant is highly recommended to reduce wear, especially in the posterior region. Porcelain veneers perform better clinically than do composite-resin veneers. Class I and II composite-resin restorations reinforce weakened tooth structure; however, problems with cervical leakage and wear prevent the recommendation of these materials for larger posterior restorations that involve occlusal contacts or that require bonding to root surfaces.