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Risk assessment in the genomic era
1Department of Pathology and Microbiology and the Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, USA. scohen@unmc.edu
Toxicologic Pathology
|June 24, 2004
Summary
Genomics offers new tools for toxicology, aiding in understanding mechanisms and species translation. However, it complements, rather than replaces, traditional methods for risk assessment and predicting individual susceptibility.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology and Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Risk Assessment
Background:
- Genome sequencing provides a foundation for evaluating biological phenomena, including toxicologic effects.
- Numerous DNA sequence-based tools are emerging to assess toxicologic processes.
- Understanding toxicologic mechanisms is crucial for rational risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the utility of genomics in toxicology.
- To identify the potential and limitations of genomics in risk assessment.
- To discuss the role of genomics in understanding toxicologic mechanisms and susceptibility.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing genomic tools to evaluate absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and target organ effects.
- Analyzing genes involved in susceptibility and biologic response.
- Leveraging successes like transgenic and knockout models.
Main Results:
- Genomics can enhance understanding of toxicologic mechanisms and aid in inter-species effect translation.
- Genomic approaches show promise in identifying specific response markers.
- Genomics is not a standalone solution, requiring integration with traditional toxicologic disciplines.
Conclusions:
- Genomics is a valuable tool for dissecting toxicologic mechanisms and defining susceptibility.
- Traditional methods like chemistry, biochemistry, and pathology remain essential for risk assessment.
- Genomics has limited utility in predicting individual susceptibility and screening for toxicologic endpoints.