Gravitational vacuum condensate stars.

Area of Science:

• Theoretical Physics
• Gravitational Collapse
• Quantum Gravity

Background:

• Black holes are characterized by singularities and event horizons, posing theoretical challenges like the information paradox.
• The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula for black holes lacks a complete microscopic derivation and implies thermal evaporation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a novel final state of gravitational collapse that resolves singularities and event horizons.
• To construct a stable, compact object by extending Bose-Einstein condensation principles to gravitational systems.
• To offer an alternative to black holes that is thermodynamically stable and avoids the information paradox.

Main Methods:

• Extending Bose-Einstein condensation concepts to gravitational systems.
• Constructing a cold, dark, compact object with an interior de Sitter condensate and exterior Schwarzschild geometry.
• Modeling the interface between regions with a thin fluid shell of equation of state p = +rho.

Main Results:

• A new solution with no singularities, no event horizons, and a global time is derived.
• The object's entropy is determined by the thin shell's hydrodynamic properties, differing from the Bekenstein-Hawking formula.
• The proposed object is thermodynamically stable and resolves the black hole information paradox.

Conclusions:

• The new gravitational collapse solution provides a stable, horizonless compact object.
• This model offers a potential resolution to the black hole information paradox.
• Extending quantum statistical mechanics to gravity yields new insights into compact object formation.