Dual holographic interferometry for measuring the three velocity components in a fluid plane

A technique that allows one to measure simultaneously the three velocity components in a fluid plane is presented. One obtains the quantitative information from only one holographic recording by combining two different reconstruction processes. As both processes use an interferometric comparison of two waves, we refer to this technique as dual holographic interferometry. The far-field fringe pattern that is obtained when reconstruction is made with an expanded laser beam allows one to determine the in-plane velocity components. The image-field fringe pattern that is obtained when a pointwise laser beam is used for reconstruction contains information about an out-of-plane velocity component. As the two reconstruction processes have different sensitivities, two different ways to combine them are proposed. The system has been demonstrated in a fluidlike solid object and in a convective flow.