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Related Experiment Videos

The stiff shoulder.

Mark A Harrast1, Anita G Rao

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA. mharrast@u.washington.edu

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|June 29, 2004
PubMed
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Shoulder stiffness, often called frozen shoulder, is a common joint disorder. This review covers its terminology, diagnosis, and effective conservative treatments like stretching, with surgical options for persistent cases.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Shoulder stiffness, encompassing terms like frozen shoulder and adhesive capsulitis, is a prevalent yet incompletely understood condition affecting the glenohumeral joint.
  • The varied terminology and classification of shoulder stiffness contribute to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of shoulder stiffness, including its terminology, classification, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies.
  • To highlight effective conservative treatment options and present operative interventions for refractory cases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of shoulder stiffness, focusing on diagnostic criteria and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of conservative management, particularly a four-quadrant stretching program.

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  • Presentation of surgical techniques for patients unresponsive to non-operative care.

    • Main Results:

    • Conservative measures, especially the four-quadrant stretching program, are typically effective for managing shoulder stiffness.
    • A small percentage of patients may require operative interventions if conservative therapy fails.

    Conclusions:

    • A clear understanding of terminology and classification is crucial for diagnosing and managing shoulder stiffness.
    • Conservative treatment, including targeted stretching, should be the primary approach, with surgery reserved for select cases.