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[Autonomic nervous system in heart failure].
Manuel Campelo1, Cassiano Abreu-Lima
1Serviço de Cardiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal. mcampelo@mail.telepac.pt
Summary
The autonomic nervous system regulates heart function. In heart failure, sympathetic overactivation and reduced parasympathetic tone lead to decreased beta-1 adrenergic receptor response.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Molecular Biology
- Neuroscience
Context:
- The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is vital for cardiovascular regulation.
- Heart failure involves complex neurohumoral alterations.
- Understanding ANS function in health and disease is critical.
Purpose:
- To review the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of the ANS in cardiovascular regulation.
- To examine the roles of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in normal individuals and heart failure patients.
- To detail cellular mechanisms of adrenergic signaling and its dysregulation in heart failure.
Summary:
- This review covers ANS anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology, focusing on sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
- It discusses neurotransmission, receptors, signal transduction, and cyclic nucleotide roles.
- Emphasis is placed on the beta-adrenergic system and its down-regulation in heart failure, leading to reduced catecholamine response.
Impact:
- Provides insights into the cellular and molecular basis of autonomic dysfunction in heart failure.
- Highlights the significance of sympathetic overactivation and parasympathetic withdrawal in heart failure pathophysiology.
- Informs potential therapeutic strategies targeting the autonomic nervous system in cardiovascular disease.