Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Development of botulinum toxin therapy.

Alan B Scott1

  • 1Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. abs@ski.org

Dermatologic Clinics
|June 30, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Botulinum toxin, initially studied for botulism in the 1820s, is now a versatile therapeutic agent. Its applications have expanded from treating muscle spasms to cosmetic uses, demonstrating its broad medical impact.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early development history of Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA).

Medicine·2023
Same author

Treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm with Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA): Development, insights, and impact.

Medicine·2023
Same author

Anterior and temporal transposition of the superior oblique for treatment of exotropia in oculomotor nerve palsy.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·2022
Same author

Activating the levator to elevate the eyelid.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·2019
Same author

Re: Clark et al.: The globe's eccentric rotational axis: why medial rectus surgery is more potent than lateral rectus surgery (Ophthalmology. 2018;125:1234-1238).

Ophthalmology·2018
Same author

Re: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Globe-Tendon Interface for Extraocular Muscles: Is There an "Arc of Contact"?

American journal of ophthalmology·2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Historical observations of botulism by Justinius Kerner in the 1820s provided early insights into the toxin's effects.
  • Kerner accurately described clinical symptoms including muscle paralysis and suppressed secretions, which are targets for modern botulinum therapy.

Observation:

  • Inspired by early research, safe medical applications of botulinum toxin were developed and licensed between 1972 and 1989.
  • Initial therapeutic uses focused on correcting conditions like strabismus, blepharospasm, and muscle spasms.

Findings:

  • The therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin have grown to encompass over 100 uses.
  • Cosmetic applications, particularly for wrinkle reduction, emerged from observations in treating blepharospasm.

Implications:

  • Botulinum toxin therapy has evolved from treating a rare disease to a widely adopted treatment with diverse medical and aesthetic applications.
  • The continued expansion of botulinum toxin uses highlights its significant therapeutic potential in various medical fields.

Related Experiment Videos