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Short-term aerobic exercise improves arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes
Hisayo Yokoyama1, Masanori Emoto, Shigehiko Fujiwara
1Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. fwkx6809@mb.infoweb.ne.jp
Objective:
To investigate whether: (1) aerobic exercise decreases arterial stiffness and (2) reduction in arterial stiffness is associated with improvement in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
Common carotid and femoral arterial stiffness was ultrasonographically evaluated using stiffness index beta in 23 type 2 diabetic subjects before and after a 3-week exercise protocol including ergometer and walking. Insulin sensitivity (Clamp-IR) was assessed using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp before and after the protocol. Arterial stiffness was also examined in steady hyperinsulinemic state during clamp.
Results:
Anthropometrical factors did not change following exercise. Clamp-IR tended to increase after exercise protocol (P = 0.061). Stiffness index beta decreased following exercise in both common carotid and femoral arteries (P = 0.020 and P < 0.001, respectively). DeltaClamp-IR was significantly correlated with the changes in stiffness index beta of both common carotid (P = 0.040) and femoral artery (P = 0.016). Divided into tertiles according to DeltaClamp-IR, decreases in stiffness index beta for both common carotid (P = 0.009) and femoral (P = 0.037) arteries was greater in tertile group with a higher DeltaClamp-IR. Hyperinsulinemia during clamp decreased stiffness index beta in both common carotid (P = 0.031) and femoral (P = 0.025) arteries before exercise, but these effects disappeared after the exercise protocol.
Conclusions:
Short-term aerobic exercise significantly decreased arterial stiffness in both common carotid and femoral arteries, and the reduction of stiffness was associated with improvement of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.