Current methods for attaching targeting ligands to liposomes and nanoparticles

Area of Science:

• Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery
• Colloidal Science
• Bioconjugation Chemistry

Background:

• Liposomes and nanoparticles are advanced carrier systems for active molecules.
• These colloidal particles show superior efficacy over conventional drugs.
• Achieving prolonged circulation and targeted delivery remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review common techniques for attaching targeting ligands to liposomes and nanoparticles.
• To compare covalent and noncovalent coupling methods for active targeting.
• To emphasize the importance of combining active targeting with long-circulating particles.

Main Methods:

• Review of established covalent and noncovalent coupling strategies.
• Analysis of ligand attachment methods for homing moieties.
• Inclusion of in vitro and in vivo study findings on active targeting efficacy.

Main Results:

• Various coupling techniques enable specific cell recognition via surface-bound ligands (e.g., antibodies, peptides).
• Both covalent and noncovalent approaches have demonstrated the efficacy of active targeting.
• Key differences, advantages, drawbacks, and efficiencies of coupling methods are discussed.

Conclusions:

• Active targeting by surface-modified liposomes and nanoparticles improves drug delivery specificity.
• The choice of coupling technique impacts efficiency and particle characteristics.
• Combining active targeting with long-circulating properties is crucial for optimal therapeutic outcomes.