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Configural and contextual prioritization in object-based attention.

Sarah Shomstein1, Steven Yantis

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. shomstein@cmu.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 21, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Object-based attention priority is influenced by scene configuration and target probability. Longer stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) shifts attention from object-based to location-based priority.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Object-based attention grants an advantage to unattended locations within an attended object.
  • This advantage is mediated by attentional priority, not sensory spread.
  • Attentional priority is influenced by object configuration and target probability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between object-based and probability-based attentional priority.
  • To determine how stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) affects attentional strategy.
  • To differentiate between configural and contextual scanning strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed pairs of rectangles with cued locations.
  • Target appearance probability and SOA were manipulated.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Reaction times were measured for cued and uncued targets.

    • Main Results:

    • At short SOAs, object-based and probability-based effects were additive.
    • At longer SOAs, object-based effects diminished.
    • Reaction times became solely dependent on location probability at longer SOAs.

    Conclusions:

    • Attentional strategy shifts based on SOA and task contingencies.
    • Observers may adopt configural or contextual scanning strategies.
    • Longer SOAs favor location probability over object configuration for attentional priority.