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Related Experiment Videos

Multi-segmented piezoelectric mirrors as active/adaptive optics components.

R Signorato1, O Hignette, J Goulon

  • 1ESRF, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX, France.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|July 21, 2004
PubMed
Summary

This study describes the development of longer piezoelectric mirrors by connecting multiple segments. The mirrors are used in synchrotron beamlines to adjust optical surfaces dynamically. The researchers built two prototype mirrors with lengths of 450 mm and 750 mm. They ensured the mirrors remained smooth across junctions and tested their performance in ultra-high vacuum environments. The mirrors maintained a surface slope error below 1 arcsec and could adjust bending radii from 1 km concave to 3.5 km convex. Adaptive compensation corrected low-frequency errors effectively, leaving residual shape errors of about 40 nm. The results show that multi-segmented mirrors can overcome length limitations while maintaining optical quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical engineering
  • Materials science
  • Synchrotron radiation physics

Background:

Piezoelectric bimorph mirrors are widely used in synchrotron beamlines for their ability to adjust optical surfaces dynamically. However, the maximum length of these mirrors is constrained by the size of commercially available piezoelectric ceramic plates. This limitation restricts the angular acceptance of the mirrors, limiting their use in large-scale optical systems. Prior research has shown that extending mirror length requires careful assembly of multiple segments without compromising optical quality. No prior work had resolved how to maintain surface smoothness across segmented piezoelectric mirrors. This gap motivated the development of multi-segmented piezoelectric mirrors to overcome the length limitation. Ensuring compatibility with ultra-high vacuum environments adds another layer of complexity. The challenge lies in maintaining optical performance across junctions between segments. This paper addresses the technical hurdles of assembling and characterizing such extended piezoelectric mirrors.

Purpose Of The Study:

Keywords:
piezoelectric mirrorssynchrotron opticsbimorph mirror assemblyoptical surface quality

Frequently Asked Questions

The longest mirror achieved a length of 750 mm by assembling multiple 150 mm segments side by side.

The segments were polished and aligned to maintain surface smoothness across junctions.

The slope error remained below 1 arcsec across the full bending range of 1 km concave to 3.5 km convex.

Residual shape errors were measured at approximately 40 nm r.m.s. over a 700 mm span.

Related Experiment Videos

The study aimed to develop and test multi-segmented piezoelectric bimorph mirrors to extend their usable length beyond the constraints of single ceramic plates. The primary goal was to maintain optical quality across the full length of the assembled mirror. The researchers sought to determine whether junctions between segments would degrade surface smoothness or optical performance. Another objective was to assess the mirror’s compatibility with ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environments, which are common in synchrotron beamlines. The study also aimed to evaluate the mirror’s ability to adjust bending radii within a specified range. The team wanted to confirm that adaptive compensation could correct low-frequency surface errors effectively. A further goal was to measure residual shape errors after compensation to ensure they remained within acceptable limits. The ultimate purpose was to provide a scalable solution for longer piezoelectric mirrors suitable for synchrotron applications.

Main Methods:

The researchers assembled two prototype mirrors by connecting multiple 150 mm-long piezoelectric bimorph stacks side by side. They used a total of (2n + 1) segments for each mirror, resulting in lengths of 450 mm (n = 1) and 750 mm (n = 2). Each segment was polished and aligned to ensure optical continuity across junctions. The assembled mirrors were tested for surface quality using interferometric measurements. They evaluated the root mean square (r.m.s.) slope error across the full bending range. The team also performed adaptive compensation to correct low-frequency surface errors. Optical characterization included measuring the bending radii range from 1 km concave to 3.5 km convex. The mirrors were tested in ultra-high vacuum conditions to confirm compatibility with synchrotron beamline requirements.

Main Results:

The two prototype mirrors achieved lengths of 450 mm and 750 mm by assembling multiple piezoelectric segments. The surface slope error remained below 1 arcsec across the full bending range of 1 km concave to 3.5 km convex. Junctions between segments did not significantly degrade the optical surface quality. The root mean square (r.m.s.) slope error was consistently low, indicating smooth surface continuity. Adaptive compensation successfully corrected low-frequency figure errors with high reliability. After compensation, residual shape errors were measured at approximately 40 nm r.m.s. over a 700 mm span. Both mirrors met the required bending radii specifications for synchrotron beamline applications. The assembled mirrors maintained ultra-high vacuum compatibility, suitable for installation in ESRF beamlines.

Conclusions:

The assembled multi-segmented piezoelectric mirrors successfully extended the usable length beyond single ceramic plate limits. The surface quality across junctions remained within acceptable optical tolerances. The mirrors maintained a root mean square slope error below 1 arcsec across the full bending range. Adaptive compensation proved effective in correcting low-frequency surface errors. Residual shape errors after compensation were measured at 40 nm r.m.s. over 700 mm. The mirrors achieved the required bending radii of 1 km concave to 3.5 km convex. They demonstrated compatibility with ultra-high vacuum environments, suitable for synchrotron beamline use. The study confirmed that multi-segmented mirrors can maintain optical performance while overcoming length limitations.

Yes, the mirrors are fully UHV compatible and are now installed in ESRF beamlines.

The mirrors cover the full range of required bending radii from 1 km concave to 3.5 km convex.