Is there an underclass in Britain?

Area of Science:

• Sociology
• Social Policy
• Class Analysis

Background:

• The concept of an 'underclass' in social science is debated, with questions regarding its empirical validity and historical connotations.
• Previous research has questioned whether a distinct underclass exists separate from the working class.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define the underclass and empirically test competing theories within the underclass debate.
• To investigate the distinctiveness of the underclass from the working class.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of the National Child Development Study (NCDS).
• Examination of patterns in qualifications, cognitive ability, employment, family formation, work commitment, and political allegiance.

Main Results:

• Empirical evidence supports the existence of an underclass defined by lack of qualifications, low cognitive ability, and chronic joblessness.
• The underclass is found to be distinctive from the working class in family formation, work commitment, and political allegiance.
• Evidence of inter- and intra-generational stability in underclass membership was observed.

Conclusions:

• The findings challenge assertions that a distinct underclass does not empirically exist.
• Distinct attitudes and stable membership suggest the emergence of a new social class in Britain.
• The study provides evidence for the continued relevance of class analysis in understanding contemporary social structures.