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Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak caused by Coxsackievirus A24--Puerto Rico, 2003

    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    |July 23, 2004
    PubMed

    Insights

    A 2003 outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in Puerto Rico affected nearly half a million people. School-aged children in crowded areas were most at risk, highlighting the need for targeted prevention.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a contagious eye infection causing sudden redness, swelling, and tearing.
    • AHC epidemics have primarily affected the Caribbean since 1981.
    • A significant AHC outbreak occurred in Puerto Rico during August-October 2003.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the 2003 AHC epidemic in Puerto Rico.
    • To identify the causative agent and risk factors associated with the outbreak.
    • To inform public health strategies for AHC prevention and control.

    Main Methods:

    • Outbreak investigation conducted by the Puerto Rico Department of Health.
    • Documentation of illness and physician-reported cases.
    • Laboratory confirmation of Coxsackievirus A24 (CA24) as the causative agent.

    Main Results:

    • An estimated 490,000 individuals experienced illness during the epidemic.
    • Over 51,000 cases were reported by healthcare professionals.
    • School-aged children (5-18 years) and individuals in crowded urban settings were identified as high-risk groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Coxsackievirus A24 (CA24) was confirmed as the cause of the 2003 AHC epidemic.
    • Targeted prevention strategies, including hygiene education for high-risk populations, are crucial for controlling AHC.
    • Rapid information dissemination upon initial AHC detection is vital for outbreak management.

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