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Solitude experiences: varieties, settings, and individual differences.

Christopher R Long1, Mary Seburn, James R Averill

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. clong@psych.umass.edu

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|July 27, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solitude experiences can be positive or negative, influenced by personal and situational factors. Research identified three core dimensions: Inner-Directed Solitude, Outer-Directed Solitude, and Loneliness.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Solitude is a complex phenomenon with varied personal and situational influences.
  • Previous research identified nine distinct types of solitude.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reduce the nine identified types of solitude into core dimensions.
  • To explore the personality, value, and situational correlates of these dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis of questionnaire data from undergraduate participants.
  • Exploration of personality, value, and situational factors.

Main Results:

  • The nine types of solitude were reduced to three underlying dimensions.
  • Two positive dimensions identified: Inner-Directed Solitude (self-discovery, inner peace) and Outer-Directed Solitude (intimacy, spirituality).
  • One negative dimension identified: Loneliness.

Conclusions:

  • Solitude can be categorized into distinct positive and negative dimensions.
  • Understanding these dimensions aids in comprehending individual experiences of solitude and loneliness.