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[Insulin receptors: structure and physiology].

B Canivet1, D Jullien, J L Sadoul

  • 1Service de médecine interne-diabétologie, hôpital Pasteur, Nice.

La Revue Du Praticien
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

The insulin receptor, a transmembrane glycoprotein, binds insulin via its alpha subunits. This binding activates tyrosine-kinase activity, initiating intracellular signaling pathways crucial for insulin action.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • The insulin receptor (IR) is a critical transmembrane glycoprotein mediating insulin's effects.
  • It is synthesized as a proreceptor, processed, and assembled into a hetero-tetramer at the cell surface.
  • The alpha subunits bind insulin, while the beta subunits contain intracellular tyrosine-kinase activity.

Purpose:

  • To describe the structure and function of the insulin receptor.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of insulin receptor activation and downstream signaling.
  • To explore the molecular basis of insulin resistance.

Summary:

  • The insulin receptor is a hetero-tetramer with extracellular alpha subunits for insulin binding and transmembrane beta subunits possessing tyrosine-kinase activity.
  • Insulin binding triggers tyrosine-kinase activation, leading to autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation, initiating intracellular signaling cascades.
  • While insulin resistance is often linked to receptor dysfunction, direct genetic mutations causing structural abnormalities are rare.

Impact:

  • Understanding insulin receptor function is key to deciphering insulin signaling pathways.
  • This knowledge aids in investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders.
  • Identifies the critical role of tyrosine-kinase activity and substrate interactions in mediating insulin's biological effects.

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