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Related Experiment Videos

Avian pluripotent stem cells.

J N Petitte1, G Liu, Z Yang

  • 1Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27696, USA. j_petitte@ncsu.edu

Mechanisms of Development
|August 7, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Avian pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ cells (EGCs), show potential for differentiation and chimera formation in chickens. Further research is needed to generate transgenic chickens using these valuable stem cell types.

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Avian research

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells are undifferentiated cells with self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ cells (EGCs) are key tools for studying early development and genetic manipulation.
  • Avian pluripotent stem cells offer a model for understanding embryonic differentiation and germ line development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the derivation and potential applications of avian pluripotent stem cells.
  • To highlight the capacity of chicken ESCs and EGCs for differentiation and chimera formation.
  • To identify challenges and future directions for utilizing these cells in research, including transgenic chicken generation.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from stage X blastoderms and PGCs.

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  • In vitro differentiation assays (embryoid bodies).
  • In vivo studies involving grafting and injection into early embryos to assess chimera formation.

    • Main Results:

    • Blastoderm-derived ESCs differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers in vitro and form various cell types in vivo.
    • ESCs can contribute to somatic tissues and the germ line when injected into stage X blastoderms, forming chimeras.
    • PGC-derived EGCs show differentiation potential and contribute to somatic lineages, with germ line chimeras reported under specific conditions.
    • Transgenic chicken lines have not yet been generated using these stem cell types.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant progress has been made in culturing avian pluripotent stem cells.
    • The potential for generating somatic and germ line chimeras depends on culture conditions and cell passage.
    • Future research focusing on germ line segregation and pluripotency mechanisms will enable the full utilization of avian pluripotent stem cells.