Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2026

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

Antibacterial agents in pediatrics

Karen L Bowlware1, Terrence Stull

  • 1Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 NE 13th Street, Room 2B2308, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|August 17, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric antibiotic use is evolving, with new resistance mechanisms driving broader drug choices. Judicious use promotion has decreased prescriptions, while legislation ensures future pediatric antibiotic development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pharmacology
  • Infectious disease
  • Antimicrobial resistance

Background:

  • Antibiotics are frequently prescribed for children.
  • Emerging trends in pediatric antibiotic usage are noted.
  • Multidrug-resistant organisms necessitate broader antibiotic options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current trends in pediatric antibiotic prescribing.
  • To highlight the impact of antimicrobial resistance on pediatric treatment.
  • To discuss legislative efforts for pediatric drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent trends in pediatric antibiotic use.
  • Analysis of factors influencing prescription rates.
  • Examination of legislative impacts on pediatric clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • A decline in pediatric antibiotic prescriptions following promotion of judicious use.
  • Increased use of broader-spectrum antibiotics due to resistance.
  • New legislation mandating pediatric drug trials.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric antibiotic prescribing is dynamic, influenced by resistance and stewardship.
  • Legislation is crucial for advancing pediatric-specific antibacterial therapies.
  • Continued research and development are vital for effective pediatric infectious disease management.

More Related Videos

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method12:03

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Published on: April 18, 2019

Quantifying the Effects of Antimicrobials on In vitro Biofilm Architecture using COMSTAT Software06:18

Quantifying the Effects of Antimicrobials on In vitro Biofilm Architecture using COMSTAT Software

Published on: December 14, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...