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Related Experiment Videos

Obstructive sleep apnoea and the autonomic nervous system.

R P Smith1, D Veale, J L Pépin

  • 1Respiratory Department, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.

Sleep Medicine Reviews
|August 18, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnoea causes significant cardiovascular changes by affecting the autonomic nervous system. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy can normalize these autonomic and cardiovascular responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common condition with significant cardiovascular implications.
  • Recent research has focused on the autonomic nervous system's role in OSA-related haemodynamic changes.
  • Established links exist between OSA, hypertension, and cardiovascular morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute and chronic autonomic nervous system changes in obstructive sleep apnoea.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying these autonomic alterations.
  • To assess the impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy on autonomic function and cardiovascular changes in OSA patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced physiological monitoring techniques including spectral analysis of heart rate variability and Finapres blood pressure monitoring.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity.
  • Employed radionuclide tests and animal models of obstructive sleep apnoea.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute haemodynamic changes in OSA are linked to heightened sympathetic discharge and fluctuating parasympathetic activity.
    • Chronic alterations include impaired baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, increased daytime sympathetic activity, and abnormal vagal responses.
    • Acute autonomic changes are triggered by hypoxaemia, upper airway responses, ventilatory changes, and arousal.

    Conclusions:

    • CPAP therapy effectively mitigates acute cardiovascular changes and reduces sympathetic over-activity in OSA patients.
    • CPAP can restore abnormal vagal responses and decrease chronic sympathetic activity in compliant patients.
    • The long-term impact of CPAP on reducing cardiovascular morbidity in OSA remains to be definitively established.