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Oral histoplasmosis associated with HIV infection: a comparative study
S L Hernández1, S A López De Blanc, R H Sambuelli
1Clinical Stomatology B, School of Dentistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
Oral histoplasmosis (OH) is more prevalent in HIV-positive individuals, affecting younger patients. This study highlights OH as a crucial differential diagnosis for oral lesions in immunocompromised patients.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Oral Medicine
Background:
- Histoplasmosis is a granulomatous fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.
- Oral histoplasmosis (OH) is a significant manifestation, particularly in endemic regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of OH in Argentina from 1991-2002.
- To compare clinical and pathological features of OH in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 733 HIV-positive and 14,260 patients.
- Clinical diagnosis confirmed by cytology, biopsy, or culture.
Main Results:
- OH diagnosed in 3% of HIV-positive and 0.07% of HIV-negative patients.
- OH predominantly affected males, with HIV-positive patients being younger (<45 years).
- Common oral sites included the palate, gingiva, and oropharynx.
Conclusions:
- Oral histoplasmosis is significantly more common in HIV-positive individuals.
- OH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral ulcerations, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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