Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
Published on: August 22, 2022
TMD Symptom Characteristics and Their Four-Dimensional Impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
Adrian Ujin Yap1,2,3, Zhi-Wei Huang1,4,5,6,7, Cheng-Ge Liu1,4,5,6,7
1Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Background:
This study examined how temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms impact the four dimensions of Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and identified symptom determinants contributing to high jaw disability and low OHRQoL.
Methods:
Participants with pain-related (PT), intra-articular (IT), and combined TMD (CT) symptoms completed the Five TMD Symptoms-4D Screener, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-8, and Oral Health Impact Profile for TMDs. TMD symptoms and impact were each assessed in four dimensions: duration-S1, frequency-S2, intensity-S3, and interference-S4; oral function-I1, orofacial pain-I2, orofacial esthetics-I3, and psychosocial impact-I4. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, nonparametric methods, and logistic regression (α = 0.05).
Results:
Among the 272 participants (mean age 31.3 years), 5.5%, 18.0%, and 76.5% had PT, IT, and CT symptoms, respectively. Significant differences in global TMD severity (CT > IT/PT), duration (IT > CT > PT), frequency (IT > CT > PT), intensity (IT/CT > PT), jaw disability (PT/CT > IT), and global OHIP (PT/CT > IT) scores were observed. Additionally, significant differences were identified in I1 (CT > IT), I2 (PT/CT > IT), and I4 (PT/CT > IT) dimensions. Symptom-impact dimension correlations varied based on the type of TMD symptoms. PT, CT, and S4 were significantly associated with both high jaw functional limitation and low OHRQoL (ORs = 3.78-47.06).
Conclusions:
TMD pain and symptom interference were key determinants of reduced OHRQoL, underscoring the need for symptom-specific assessment and individualized care.
Related Concept Videos
Assessment of the Mouth
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Dimensions of Health and Illness
Taste Buds and Receptors
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors
Tooth Anatomy
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations
