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Updated: Aug 23, 2026

U-Shaped Horizontal Swimming Technique for Preparing High-Quality Sperm with Low DNA Fragmentation Index
Published on: March 28, 2025
Preservation and evaluation of semen for artificial insemination
Lindsay Gillan1, W M Chis Maxwell, Gareth Evans
1Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction, The Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. lindsayg@vetsci.usyd.edu.au
Abstract:
Many years of research have been devoted to improving the fertility of preserved semen of small ruminants. There have been few significant advances in preservation in recent times, but considerable knowledge has been gained on the effect of preservation on the structure and function of spermatozoa. It has become evident that preservation greatly affects many sperm attributes, such as motility, respiratory activity, membrane status and DNA quality. Consequently, viability is reduced, transport in the female reproductive tract is inhibited, the timing of fertilisation is altered and embryo development is affected following insemination of preserved, compared to fresh spermatozoa. A greater understanding of their functional condition may lead to the development of methods of preventing these alterations or to improved methods of using the preserved spermatozoa for artificial insemination in their altered state.
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