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Contact dermatitis to metals.

Lisa A Garner1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA. lisa@lisagarnermd.com

Dermatologic Therapy
|August 26, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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This review covers common metal allergens like nickel, mercury, gold, cobalt, and palladium, which frequently cause allergic contact dermatitis. Understanding these metal sensitivities is crucial for diagnosing and managing skin reactions.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Metals frequently contact skin and mucous membranes.
  • Nickel, mercury, gold, palladium, and cobalt are significant contact allergens.
  • Allergic contact dermatitis is a common reaction to these metals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of nickel, mercury, gold, palladium, and cobalt in allergic contact dermatitis.
  • To discuss common sources and clinical manifestations of sensitization to these metals.
  • To highlight recent developments in understanding metal allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on metal contact dermatitis.
  • Analysis of patch testing data for common metal allergens.
  • Synthesis of information on sources and clinical relevance of metal sensitization.

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Main Results:

  • Nickel is the most frequent contact allergen, often linked to ear piercing.
  • Mercury (organic and metallic) and gold can cause various forms of dermatitis.
  • Cobalt and palladium sensitivities are frequently associated with nickel allergy, but clinical relevance requires further study.

Conclusions:

  • Nickel, mercury, gold, cobalt, and palladium are important causes of allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Ubiquitous exposure and specific associations (e.g., ear piercing with nickel) are key factors.
  • Further research is needed to establish the clinical significance of palladium sensitivity.