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Related Concept Videos

Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption01:19

Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption

The process of oral drug absorption can be influenced by several factors. Weakly acidic drugs tend to be absorbed more readily from the stomach due to their nonionized state. However, absorption may be less efficient in the upper intestine, where drugs are often ionized. Interestingly, despite the stomach's apparent advantage for drug absorption, its mucous layer can hinder diffusion. Its surface area is also smaller than the intestine's, which can further slow down the absorption rate.
In...
Drug Absorption: Overview01:17

Drug Absorption: Overview

The process of drug absorption signifies the transition of a drug from its site of administration into the plasma. This process is influenced by various factors, including the route of administration, the anatomy of the absorption site, the mechanism of absorption, gut motility, and the drug's physicochemical properties.
When drugs are injected intravenously, they directly enter the systemic circulation. Alternatively, orally administered drugs navigate through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more effectively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine
07:32

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Published on: October 7, 2014

Technical note: Vaginal absorption of 1,25(OH)2D3 in cattle.

N Okura1, N Yamagishi, Y Naito

  • 1Large Animal Clinical Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan. n-ohkura@mvg.biglobe.ne.jp

Journal of Dairy Science
|August 26, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Intravaginal administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in dairy cows demonstrated effective absorption and potential for preventing hypocalcemia. This novel route offers a promising alternative for managing parturient hypocalcemia in cattle.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Animal Nutrition

Background:

  • Parturient hypocalcemia is a significant metabolic disorder in dairy cows.
  • Exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is used to prevent hypocalcemia, typically administered via oral, intravenous, or intramuscular routes.
  • Limited research exists on the intravaginal administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 in cattle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy and absorption of intravaginally administered 1,25(OH)2D3 in dairy heifers.
  • To assess the impact of intravaginal 1,25(OH)2D3 on blood chemistry, including mineral levels and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Five dairy heifers received a single intravaginal dose of 1 microg of 1,25(OH)2D3/kg body weight.
  • One control heifer received the ethanol carrier alone.
  • Blood samples were collected at various time points to measure plasma 1,25(OH)2D3, calcium, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium levels.

Main Results:

  • Plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 levels increased significantly within 2 hours, peaking at 6 hours post-administration.
  • Plasma calcium levels increased, reaching a peak at 24 hours.
  • Plasma inorganic phosphate levels increased and plateaued, while plasma magnesium levels decreased and plateaued.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for the successful absorption of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 through the bovine vaginal wall.
  • Intravaginal administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 is a viable route for increasing circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 levels.
  • This method shows potential utility for the prophylaxis of hypocalcemia in dairy cows.