[Drug-resistant partial epilepsy: pharmacological criteria]
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 22, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
Published on: May 16, 2019
1EA1046-Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, 2 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France. bordet@univ-lille2.fr
Abstract:
Despite the number of new antiepileptic drugs marketed in the last decade, one third of epilepsies have remained refractory to medical treatment. The term of pharmacoresistance remains controversial and a diagnosis algorithm should be proposed to distinguish pseudoresistance related to the pathology and patient or to the treatment. Beyond resistance to the first prescribed antiepileptic, a lack of response to the sequential use of several monotherapies or antiepileptic drug associations should lead to the diagnosis of drug-resistance, when all causes of pseudoresistance have been ruled out. The presence of predicting factors or etiological factors should also be integrated into this decisional algorithm. Such a diagnostic process identifying real drug-resistant epilepsy is necessary to progress in knowledge of the pathophysiology and in treatment strategy of this category of epilepsy.
Related Concept Videos
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
