Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 22, 2026
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
Published on: December 18, 2016
Parallel acquisition techniques in cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging using TrueFISP sequences: comparison of
Peter Hunold1, Stefan Maderwald, Mark E Ladd
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Essen, Germany. peter.hunold@uni-essen.de
Purpose:
To compare image quality, artifacts, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in cardiac cine TrueFISP magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without parallel acquisition techniques (PAT).
Materials And Methods:
MRI was performed in 16 subjects with a TrueFISP sequence (1.5 T; Magnetom Sonata, Siemens): TR, 3.0 msec; TE, 1.5 msec; flip angle (FA), 60 degrees. Three axes were scanned without PAT (no PAT) and using the generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) and modified sensitivity encoding (mSENSE) reconstruction algorithms with an autocalibration mode to reduce scan time. A conventional spine array and a body flex array were used. Artifacts, image noise, and overall image quality were classified on a 4-point scale by an observer blinded to the implemented technique; for quantitative comparison, SNR was measured.
Results:
With a PAT factor of two, acquisition time could be reduced by 39%. No PAT did not show artifacts, and GRAPPA revealed fewer artifacts than mSENSE. PAT provided inferior-quality scores concerning image noise and overall image quality. In quantitative measurements, GRAPPA and mSENSE (20.1 +/- 6.2 and 15.6 +/- 6.2, respectively) yielded lower SNR than no PAT (30.6 +/- 20.1; P < 0.05) and P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Time savings in PAT are accompanied by artifacts and an increase in image noise. The GRAPPA algorithm was superior to mSENSE concerning image quality, noise, and SNR.
Insights
Parallel acquisition techniques (PAT) in cardiac MRI reduce scan time but increase artifacts and image noise. The GRAPPA algorithm offers better image quality, noise reduction, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to mSENSE.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Medical Imaging Technology
- Image Reconstruction Algorithms
Background:
- Cardiac cine TrueFISP MRI is crucial for assessing heart function.
- Parallel acquisition techniques (PAT) aim to accelerate MRI scans.
- Evaluating the trade-offs between speed and image quality with PAT is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare image quality, artifacts, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in cardiac cine TrueFISP MRI.
- To assess the impact of generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) and modified sensitivity encoding (mSENSE) on image characteristics.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of PAT in reducing scan time.
Main Methods:
- 16 subjects underwent cardiac cine TrueFISP MRI at 1.5 T.
- Scans were performed without PAT and with GRAPPA and mSENSE reconstruction algorithms.
- Image quality, artifacts, and SNR were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively by blinded observers.
Main Results:
- PAT with a factor of two reduced acquisition time by 39%.
- No PAT showed no artifacts; GRAPPA had fewer artifacts than mSENSE.
- PAT resulted in lower image quality scores, increased image noise, and significantly lower SNR compared to no PAT (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- While PAT accelerates cardiac MRI, it introduces artifacts and increases image noise.
- GRAPPA demonstrated superior performance over mSENSE in terms of image quality, noise levels, and SNR.
- The findings suggest a trade-off between scan time reduction and image fidelity when using PAT in cardiac cine TrueFISP MRI.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI
01:24Magnetic Resonance Imaging
01:28Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT