The norm of self-interest

Area of Science:

• Social Psychology
• Behavioral Economics
• Sociology

Background:

• The self-interest motive is widely considered a primary driver of human behavior in influential theories and common understanding.
• Existing research often assumes self-interest as a given, without critically examining its role in its own perpetuation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate how the assumption of self-interest contributes to its own confirmation within Western cultural norms.
• To explore the influence of a cultural norm emphasizing self-interest on individual behavior, opinions, and self-reporting.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis of existing theories on human motivation.
• Examination of cultural norms in Western societies regarding self-interest.
• Analysis of how these norms shape actions, opinions, and justifications for behavior.

Main Results:

• A cultural norm exists in Western societies that posits self-interest as a dominant and desirable behavioral determinant.
• This norm influences individuals to act and communicate as if their concern for material self-interest is greater than it actually is.
• The pervasive assumption of self-interest can lead to a misinterpretation of its actual impact on behavior.

Conclusions:

• The perceived power of self-interest is reinforced by a cultural norm that dictates it should be a primary motivator.
• Individuals may exaggerate their self-interested behavior due to social expectations, leading to a distorted understanding of human motivation.
• Understanding this self-perpetuating cycle is crucial for accurately interpreting human actions and societal dynamics.