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Updated: Aug 22, 2026

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Published on: January 29, 2014

Antibody, complement and accommodation in ABO-incompatible transplants

Karen E King1, Daniel S Warren, Milagros Samaniego-Picota

  • 1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2196, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|September 3, 2004
PubMed

Many facets of accommodation have been explored since this process was first observed in ABO-incompatible renal allografts over 17 years ago. Intriguing new pieces of the puzzle have emerged to be fitted into the picture in several places. For example, vascular endothelial cells can be stimulated to secrete substantial amounts of blood group A and B antigens linked to von Willebrand factor; the antibody response to A and B antigens stimulated by ABO-incompatible renal allografts can show epitope spreading; complement can inhibit inflammation through actions of some complement split products, particularly iC3b and C3a; endothelial cells can upregulate various cytoprotective mechanisms; and clinically, new protocols for achieving accommodation have been implemented with improved results.

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