Microwave thermal balloon angioplasty in the normal rabbit

The feasibility of utilizing microwave energy for thermal angioplasty was evaluated in 28 normal New Zealand white rabbits. Angioplasty catheters were inserted via bilateral femoral arteriotomy and balloon angioplasty was performed on the external iliac arteries. There were three variables in the microwave angioplasty procedure: peak temperature, energy duration, and peak balloon pressure. At 1 week after the angioplasty, animals were put to death and the iliac arteries were removed after perfusion fixation. Histologic analysis was performed. Injuries to the medial and intimal proliferation were evaluated using an index based on the circumferential extent and depth of abnormality. There was no relationship noted between intimal proliferation or medial injury and energy duration of peak balloon pressure. There was a direct relationship between peak temperature and medial injury. Furthermore, there was an inverse relationship between medial injury and intimal proliferation. The axial extent of change induced by microwave energy was 1.6 cm. Microwave thermal energy delivery through a balloon angioplasty catheter is feasible and can be performed conveniently.