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Developing countries and trade in health services: which way is forward?
1World Health Organization, Jakarta, Indonesia. timmermansk@who.or.id
Summary
International trade in health services is growing and may increase with trade agreements like the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Policymakers must understand GATS implications for public health and guide trade negotiations effectively.
Area of Science:
- Health Policy
- International Trade Law
- Public Health Economics
Background:
- International trade in health services is expanding globally.
- Trade liberalization, particularly under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), presents both opportunities and challenges.
- Developing countries face risks of losing policy space due to liberalization commitments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of international trade in health services.
- To examine key features of GATS relevant to public health.
- To emphasize the need for policymakers' engagement in GATS negotiations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of international trade agreements and health services.
- Analysis of GATS provisions and their implications for national health systems.
- Policy analysis of trade liberalization impacts on public health objectives.
Main Results:
- GATS offers flexibility for national health objectives, but its complexity requires careful navigation.
- Undue liberalization commitments can restrict policy options, especially for developing nations.
- Effective participation in GATS requires understanding trade language and focusing on health goals.
Conclusions:
- Policymakers must actively engage in GATS negotiations concerning health services.
- Thorough analysis of trade liberalization alternatives and implications is crucial.
- Strategic use of GATS flexibility is essential to protect and advance public health goals.