Delayed hemorrhagic pericardial effusion: case reports of a complication from severe blunt chest trauma

The rare occurrence of delayed hemorrhagic pericardial effusion requiring treatment is reported following significant blunt chest trauma (AIS greater than or equal to 3) in three patients from 12 to 15 days after injury. Cardiomegaly was suspected on serial chest roentgenograms, and the pericardial effusion was confirmed by echocardiography. Two of three patients required systemic anticoagulation early after their admission to the hospital. It is currently unknown whether the number of delayed hemorrhagic pericardial effusions is increasing with the use of certain anticoagulation treatment regimens.