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Related Experiment Videos

Memory for schema-relevant information: a meta-analytic resolution.

K Rojahn1, T F Pettigrew

  • 1Faculteit der Psychologie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The British Journal of Social Psychology
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Memory recall favors schema-inconsistent information overall, but results vary by memory test type. This meta-analysis clarifies how processing variables influence memory for schema-relevant data.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Research on memory for schema-relevant information yields conflicting findings regarding schema-consistent versus schema-inconsistent information.
  • Existing studies show contradictory results on whether memory favors consistent or inconsistent information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve contradictory findings in memory for schema-relevant information through meta-analysis.
  • To investigate moderators influencing memory selectivity for schema-consistent and schema-inconsistent information.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 60 independent studies, encompassing 165 comparative tests.
  • Analysis of moderator variables, including memory test type, processing demands, exposure duration, and delay intervals.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • An overall slight memory advantage for schema-inconsistent information was found.
  • Recognition tests corrected for guessing and recall tests favored schema-inconsistent information.
  • Recognition tests uncorrected for guessing favored schema-consistent information.
  • Several moderators, including processing demands and exposure length, significantly impacted inconsistency resolution, partially supporting the Wyer-Srull model.

Conclusions:

  • Memory selectivity for schema-relevant information is contingent on the specific memory measure employed.
  • Inconsistency resolution appears more robust than schema-bolstering under certain conditions, such as extended exposure and delays.
  • Findings offer insights into stereotype change and memory processes.