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Updated: Aug 22, 2026

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography in Virology: 3D Imaging of High-pressure Frozen, Freeze-substituted Samples
Published on: August 6, 2025
Viruses and the development of quantitative biological electron microscopy
1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. racl@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk
Abstract:
The electron microscope has become an important tool for determining the structure of biological materials of all kinds. Many technical advances in specimen preparation and in sophisticated methods of image analysis, initially based on optical systems but latterly on computer processing, have contributed to the development of the subject. Viruses of various kinds have often provided a convenient and appropriate test specimen. This paper describes the major technical advances and shows how viruses have had an important role in most of the developments.
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