Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
Published on: November 12, 2009
Relationships among heart rate variability, hypertension, and relaxation techniques
Sangthong Terathongkum1, Rita H Pickler
1Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Nursing, Richmond 23298-0567, USA.
Abstract:
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a simple noninvasive measurement for investigating autonomic influence on the cardiovascular system. HRV, the beat-to-beat alterations in heart rate, may be evaluated by time domain and frequency domain methods. HRV can be used as a predictor of risk or warning sign of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have shown that a reduced HRV can also be used as a predictor of hypertension, development of diabetic neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, and lethal arrhythmic complications after an acute myocardial infarction. A few studies have also revealed that relaxation techniques can increase HRV. This article reviews the literature about HRV measurement and the relationships among HRV, hypertension, and relaxation techniques. Limitations of the review literature have also been considered to identify areas for future research.
Related Concept Videos
Increased pulse rate
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...
Factors Influencing Heart Rate
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure
Regulation of Heart Rates
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
Hypertension V: Nursing Management
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques III
The Role of Exercise in Stress Management
Regular physical activity is essential for reducing stress and promoting cardiovascular health. Exercise strengthens the heart, enhances blood flow, keeps blood vessels flexible, and helps lower blood pressure, all of which reduce the body's stress response. Research shows that adults who exercise regularly have nearly half the risk...

