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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
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Cortisol Analysis Using a Novel Method of Saliva Collection: Method and Application in Preterm Infants.

Marliese Dion Nist1, Nicole Cistone1, Claire Packer1,2

  • 1College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Biological Research for Nursing
|April 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Collecting saliva from preterm infants for stress hormone analysis is challenging. Novel flocked polyester swabs efficiently collect sufficient saliva, enabling accurate measurement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to nursing care.

Keywords:
infantintensive care unitsneonatalnewbornpituitary-adrenal systemprematuresaliva

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal research
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiological stress response

Background:

  • Preterm infants face significant stressors activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
  • Measuring cortisol via saliva is crucial for assessing HPA activity, but sample collection is difficult in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for collecting sufficient saliva volumes from preterm infants using flocked polyester swabs.
  • To apply this method to investigate HPA axis responses to nursing care in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and validated a flocked polyester swab method for saliva collection.
  • Collected adult saliva samples (N=24) for method comparison.
  • Applied the swab method to collect saliva from preterm infants (N=31) before, and 30- and 60-minutes after nursing care.

Main Results:

  • The flocked swab method yielded sufficient saliva volumes from 98% of infant samples (91/93).
  • Cortisol level changes post-caregiving were negatively associated with acute procedural stress.
  • Cortisol level changes at 60 minutes were negatively associated with caregiving duration.

Conclusions:

  • Flocked polyester swabs provide a viable method for collecting adequate saliva volumes for research on HPA axis function in preterm infants.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand stressor-HPA axis relationships and influencing factors in this population.