The natural history of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala

The natural history of American cutaneous leishmaniasis was studied in Guatemala by analyzing the characteristics of 355 untreated leishmanial lesions, observing the evolution of 57 lesions on persons who received a placebo in treatment trials, and analyzing data from a population-based survey concerning the duration of 82 untreated lesions. Of 25 lesions caused by Leishmania mexicana that were followed prospectively, 22 (88%) completely reepithelialized by a median lesion age of 14 weeks, and 17 (68%) were classified as cured (no residual wound inflammation or reactivation during at least 6 months of follow-up). In contrast, 7 (22%) of 32 lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis reepithelialized by a median lesion age of 13 weeks, and only 2 (6%) cured. These data demonstrate that the species of Leishmania is the primary determinant of the clinical course and outcome of untreated lesions and underscore the need for field-applicable diagnostic techniques that provide rapid species identification.