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Related Experiment Videos

Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination.

Mark K Arness1, Robert E Eckart, Suzanne S Love

  • 1Army Medical Surveillance Activity, Washington, DC, USA.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|September 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Smallpox vaccination with the DryVax vaccinia virus strain is linked to a higher incidence of myopericarditis, particularly in males. This cardiac inflammation was observed at a significantly increased rate in primary vaccinees compared to unvaccinated individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Myopericarditis is a rare complication of vaccinia virus (smallpox vaccine) infection.
  • Previous understanding suggested a low incidence of myopericarditis with the New York City Board of Health strain of vaccinia virus (DryVax).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the attributable incidence of myopericarditis following primary smallpox vaccination with the DryVax strain.
  • To assess the association between primary smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis in US Armed Forces personnel.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing data from US Armed Forces personnel vaccinated between December 2002 and September 2003.
  • Case identification through sentinel reporting, active surveillance (Defense Medical Surveillance System), and adverse event reporting (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of myopericarditis incidence in primary vaccinees and revaccinees against expected background rates in unvaccinated military personnel.

    • Main Results:

    • An attributable incidence of at least 140 cases of myopericarditis per million primary vaccinations was observed.
    • The incidence of myopericarditis was 16.11/100,000 among primary vaccinees, 7.5-fold higher than the expected rate of 2.16/100,000.
    • No statistically significant increase in myopericarditis was found among revaccinees (2.07/100,000).
    • Cases were predominantly male (98.3%) and White (86.4%).

    Conclusions:

    • Primary smallpox vaccination with the DryVax vaccinia virus strain is associated with a significantly increased risk of myopericarditis.
    • The risk appears specific to primary vaccination and not revaccination.
    • The findings highlight the importance of monitoring cardiac adverse events following vaccination, especially in specific demographic groups.