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Related Experiment Videos

Bacillus anthracis but not always anthrax.

P C Turnbull1, R A Hutson, M J Ward

  • 1Division of Biologics, Public Health Laboratory Service Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.

The Journal of Applied Bacteriology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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New DNA technology identifies some Bacillus strains as Bacillus anthracis lacking key virulence factors. These findings may indicate the presence of virulent strains in the environment.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Conventional identification methods often misclassify Bacillus strains resembling Bacillus anthracis.
  • Strains lacking capsule or toxin genes were previously dismissed as B. cereus or unidentified Bacillus spp.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the true identity of Bacillus strains resembling B. anthracis but lacking virulence factors.
  • To apply novel molecular and immunological techniques for accurate bacterial identification.

Main Methods:

  • DNA probe technology
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
  • Specific toxin antigen detection

Main Results:

  • A proportion of previously unidentified strains were confirmed as B. anthracis lacking the capsule plasmid (pXO2).

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  • While strains lacking the toxin plasmid (pXO1) could not be confirmed, their identity as B. anthracis is considered more likely.
  • No naturally occurring strains lacking both plasmids (pXO1-/2+) were found.

    • Conclusions:

    • Newly available technologies can identify atypical B. anthracis strains lacking virulence plasmids.
    • The clinical and veterinary significance of these avirulent B. anthracis forms requires further investigation.
    • Avirulent B. anthracis may serve as indicators for the presence of virulent parent strains.