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Glycosyltransferases encoded by viruses.

Nicolas Markine-Goriaynoff1, Laurent Gillet1, James L Van Etten2

  • 1Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.

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Viruses can alter host cells by producing their own enzymes called glycosyltransferases. This review explores these viral enzymes and their role in host-virus interactions, highlighting the importance of glycovirology.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Virology
  • Glycomics

Background:

  • Glycans play crucial roles in biological processes, establishing glycomics as a key field alongside genomics and proteomics.
  • Viruses co-evolve with hosts, developing mechanisms to manipulate host processes, including glycan modification, for replication.
  • The study of host-virus interactions has introduced the concept of 'glycovirology' due to the glycome's regulatory importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review virally encoded glycosyltransferases.
  • To discuss the established and putative functions of these viral enzymes.
  • To illustrate the significance of glycomics in biological processes through the lens of virology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of virally encoded glycosyltransferases.
  • Analysis of the functional roles of these enzymes in host-virus interactions.

Main Results:

  • Viruses employ strategies to modify the host glycome, either by regulating host glycosyltransferases or by expressing their own.
  • This review details known and potential functions of various virally encoded glycosyltransferases.
  • The existence and function of viral glycosyltransferases underscore the intricate relationship between viruses and host glycan machinery.

Conclusions:

  • Virally encoded glycosyltransferases are key players in host-virus interactions.
  • Understanding these viral enzymes provides insights into viral replication strategies and host manipulation.
  • The field of glycovirology is essential for comprehending the complex interplay between viruses and cellular glycosylation.