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Screening for biochemical abnormalities in urolithiasis patients
Nasir Orakzai1, Damian C Hanbury, Kenneth Farrington
1Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Coreys Mill Lane, Stevenage, UK. pines@brain.net.pk
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
|October 1, 2004
Summary
Biochemical screening reveals high rates of urinary abnormalities in stone formers, with similar frequencies in first-time and recurrent cases. This supports routine screening for effective stone prevention and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The clinical utility of biochemical screening for kidney stone formers remains a subject of debate.
- Understanding the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities is crucial for guiding diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of biochemical abnormalities in urolithiasis patients.
- To compare abnormality rates between first-time and recurrent stone formers to assess the value of screening.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of serum and 24-hour urine collections from 113 new and recurrent stone formers over 21 months.
- Biochemical assays included serum calcium, urate, phosphate, creatinine, and urinary calcium, oxalate, urate, citrate, cystine, pH, and volume.
Main Results:
- A high prevalence of biochemical abnormalities (73%) was observed, predominantly in urine.
- Key urinary abnormalities included low urine volume (39.76%), hypercalciuria (39.76%), and hyperoxaluria (24.1%).
- Females exhibited significantly higher rates of low urine volume, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia.
Conclusions:
- The high frequency of urinary biochemical abnormalities, irrespective of stone recurrence, underscores the importance of screening even for initial stone presentations.
- Biochemical evaluation is essential for tailored treatment and effective prophylaxis in stone formers.