Related Experiment Videos

Reliability and validity of Endotower, a virtual reality trainer for angled endoscope navigation

Randy S Haluck1, Anthony G Gallagher, Richard M Satava

  • 1Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.

Summary

This study shows that the EndoTower simulator effectively trains surgical novices in angled laparoscopic navigation. It demonstrates high reliability and validity, assessing key perceptual and visuospatial skills for surgical training.

Related Concept Videos