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Relationship between amphetamine ingestion and gingival enlargement.

Abdul Aziz Hasan1, Sebastian Ciancio

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, NY, USA. aahasan@acsu.buffalo.edu

Pediatric Dentistry
|October 6, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Amphetamine use is linked to a higher risk of gingival enlargement. This study found a significant increase in gum overgrowth among patients taking amphetamines compared to a control group.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral health
  • Pharmacology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Gingival enlargement is a known side effect of certain medications.
  • The link between amphetamine use and gingival enlargement requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between amphetamine ingestion and the occurrence of gingival enlargement.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 40 subjects: 20 amphetamine users and 20 healthy controls.
  • Exclusion criteria included use of phenytoin, cyclosporine, or calcium channel blockers, and presence of cardiovascular or hormonal disorders.
  • Gingival health was assessed using the Silness and Löe plaque index and modified gingival index; gingival enlargement was evaluated clinically and via photographs.

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Main Results:

  • A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of gingival enlargement was observed in the amphetamine-using group (P<.05).
  • Amphetamine usage was directly correlated with a higher incidence of gingival enlargement.

Conclusions:

  • Patients using amphetamines have an elevated risk of developing gingival enlargement.
  • Close monitoring and stringent oral hygiene interventions are recommended for patients on amphetamines to minimize gingival inflammation.